Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main risks caused by Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type 2, which is considered one of the essential global metabolic disturbances. Although glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is widely used to assess long-term glycemic control, its utility in predicting cardiovascular complications remains uncertain.

This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of glycemic biomarkers in relation to cardiovascular involvement in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and to compare their performance with clinical disease indicators